In this more nuanced view, aging and the diseases that come with it are the result of multiple “hallmarks” of aging: Genomic instability caused by DNA damage Attrition of the protective chromosomal endcaps, the telomeres Alterations to the epigenome that controls which genes are turned on and off Loss of healthy protein maintenance, known as proteostasis Deregulated nutrient sensing caused by metabolic changes Mitochondrial dysfunction Accumulation of senescent zombielike cells that inflame healthy cells Exhaustion of stem cells Altered intercellular communication and the production of
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Current model of aging
