The coordinated efforts of social reformers and the police had a precipitous effect on the formation of the black ghetto, since landlords who rented to black tenants were more likely to be prosecuted for violation of the Tenement House Law and fined as much as a thousand dollars. This contributed to the unwillingness of white landlords to rent to black folks, and then only the worst and the most wretched housing at the most exorbitant prices.
