in 1940, when the Roosevelt administration traded fifty destroyers to Britain for base sites in British territories in the Western Hemisphere—including in Newfoundland, the Bahamas, Bermuda, Jamaica, and Trinidad. The United States didn’t own these sites outright; it got them on ninety-nine-year leases. But its jurisdictional powers were startling, “probably more far-reaching than any the British Government has ever given anyone over British territory before,” the ambassador to Britain boasted.