To Lick, of course, the obvious solution to the software crisis was to apply more and better interactive computing, à la Dynamic Modeling. But to programmers who worked in the commercial sector—which was to say, most programmers—the answer was very different. In their world, software was a product to be gotten out the door, on time and within budget. So their instinctive reaction was to adopt an industrial approach, with an ever-increasing emphasis on planning, discipline, documentation, coordination, and control.
