Contextuality means that the outcome of a measurement on a quantum system depends on the other things you measure about that system at the same time. In other words, if you measure a property of a thing, the outcome of your measurement can depend on what other stuff you measure about that thing at the same time. In a contextual world, if you measure the energy of a neutron along with its momentum, you’ll get an answer about the neutron’s energy—but if you had measured the energy along with the location, you could have gotten a completely different answer about the neutron’s energy, simply by
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contextuality
