Applying those criteria to mental illnesses, Kraepelin distinguished two major groups of psychotic disorders: disorders of thought and disorders of mood. He called the disorders of thought dementia praecox—the dementia of young people—because they start earlier in life than other dementias, such as Alzheimer’s, and he called the disorders of mood manic-depressive illness because they manifest themselves as either depressed or elevated feeling states. We now refer to dementia praecox as schizophrenia, and we refer to manic-depressive illness as bipolar disorder. We refer to depressed states
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