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Based on the real-life experiences of its creators,
One of the recurrent themes of The Wire is the salience of metrics:
of measured performance as the hallmark of “accountability.”
pero acá se refiere a la contabilidad
to meeting the metric targets
preocupación por el resultado cuantificado versus el proceso (educación en este caso)
The series, Bodies,
otro ejemplo de la medición excesiva como forma de logro. Numerosis?
their metrics, their reputation, and their remuneration.
..lo peligroso de juntar estos tres criterios. Fomenta la mala praxis
The costs of measuring may be greater than the benefits.
and with transparency is deceptive.
cuando se que cuenta cómo se obtuvieron esos números favorables y que se tuvo que entregar a cambio.
It is about the unintended negative consequences of trying to substitute standardized measures of performance for personal judgment based on experience.
finalidad de este libro.
When their scores are used as a basis of reward and punishment,
es importante tener claro cuál es la intención que se esconde detrás de la medición.
Google’s Ngram—
no conocía ésto. Es un visor del contenido de libros.
telling portrait of changes in our culture and society.
interesante poder hacer un estudio con estos análisis.
is the aspiration to replace judgment based on experience with standardized measurement.
Decisions based on big data are useful when the experience of any single practitioner is likely to be too limited to develop an intuitive feel for or reliable measure of efficacy.
If what is actually measured is a reasonable proxy for what is intended to be measured, and if it is combined with judgment, then measurement can help practitioners to assess their own performance,
But problems arise when such measures become the criteria used to reward and punish—when metrics become the basis of pay-for-performance or ratings.
When metrics are used by managers as a tool to control professionals, it often creates a tension between the managers who seek to measure and reward performance, and the ethos of the professionals (doctors, nurses, policemen, teachers, professors, etc.). The professional ethos is based on mastery of a body of specialized knowledge acquired through an extended process of education and training;
for the professional ethos tends to discount issues of cost and opportunity cost.
Professionals don’t like to think about costs. Metrics folks do.
las métricas hacen el trabajo "sucio" de pensar en los costos
the culture of metric accountability
interesante consideración de la métrica como una cultura.
You might wonder how a historian came to write a book about the tyranny of metrics.
el autor de este libro es historiador.
every decade by an accrediting body, the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.
sobre los procesos de acreditación
more measurement of performance.
la acreditación exige mediciones periódicas en las Universidades
the need for greater accountability and the gathering of more data, and directing the regional accrediting agencies to make “performance outcomes” the core of their
assessment.
I had been interested in the history of capitalism,
it draws not only from a variety of disciplines but from a variety of political orientations. I have drawn upon evidence and insight from wherever they were to be found.
one could call it a cultural “meme,” an “épistème,” a “discourse,” a “paradigm,” a “self-reinforcing rhetorical system,”1 or simply a fashion.
let’s call it metric fixation.
para este escrito.
“anything that can be measured can be improved.”
en base siempre a lo numérico...
“accountability”
se define en términos de responsabilidad y como algo que puede ser contado.
The key components of metric fixation are
componentes claves del tema en cuestión.
(metrics);
* la métrica es en base a datos estandarizados.
“Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted.”
many people become adept at manipulating performance indicators through a variety of methods,
they fabricate the evidence.
ejemplo de mala práctica.
Whenever reward is tied to measured performance, metric fixation invites gaming.
“[t]he more any quantitative social indicator is used for social decision-making, the more subject it will be to corruption pressures and the more apt it will be to distort and corrupt
the social processes it is intended to monitor.”
To put it another way, anything that can be measured and rewarded will be gamed.
Metric fixation, which aspires to imitate science, too often resembles faith.
how to use metrics without the characteristic dysfunctions of metric fixation.
propósito de este libro
a brief excursus
en apéndice del libro
first source of metric dysfunction.
medir lo que es más fácil de medir, y medir esto cuando el resultado es complejo. Medir el input (proceso) vs el outcome (producto). Estandarizar....en total son 8 debilidades recurrentes que presenta el libro.
that simplification may lead to distortion, since making things comparable often means that they are stripped of their context, history, and meaning.
making it easier to reach the metric goal,
responded by altering students’ answers on the test.
un ejemplo claro de trampa.
“the duty of a State in public education is … to obtain the greatest possible quantity of reading, writing, and arithmetic for the greatest number.”
objetivo netamente numérico
The education of the people, he concluded, was to be sacrificed to “the friends of economy at any price.”
planteamiento contrario al anterior, sin fomentar la cuantificación estandarizada, como la medida del logro en las escuelas.
In the early twenty-first century, the same concept would be revived under the moniker of “value-added scoring” and then, in the Obama years, as “student growth.”
value-added scoring (modeling) es una medición del impacto del profesor en el aprendizaje (logros) del alumno
