White Fragility: Why It's So Hard for White People to Talk About Racism
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Today we might think of the self-described “alt-right” white nationalists marching with torches in Virginia and shouting “blood and soil” as they protest the removal of Confederate war memorials.
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For sociologists and those involved in current racial justice movements, however, white supremacy is a descriptive and useful term to capture the all-encompassing centrality and assumed superiority of people defined and perceived as white and the practices based on this assumption.
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an overarching political, economic, and social system of domination.
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racism is a structure, not an event.
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white supremacy
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While racism in other cultures exists based on different ideas of which racial group is superior to another, the United States is a global power, and through movies and mass media, corporate culture, advertising, US-owned manufacturing, military presence, historical colonial relations, missionary work, and other means, white supremacy is circulated globally.
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White supremacy is especially relevant in countries that have a history of colonialism by Western nations.
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white supremacy as “the unnamed political system that has made the modern world what it is today.”
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white supremacy has shaped Western political thought for hundreds of yea...
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white supremacy is rendered invisible while other political systems—socialism, capitalism, fascis...
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First, white supremacy is never acknowledged.
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Second, we cannot study any sociopolitical system without addressing how that system is mediated by race.
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Race scholars use the term white supremacy to describe a sociopolitical economic system of domination based on racial categories that benefits those defined and perceived as white. This system of structural power privileges, centralizes, and elevates white people as a group.
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2016–2017:
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Ten richest Americans:
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US Congress:
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• US governors:
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Top military a...
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President and vice p...
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US House Freedom...
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Current US presidentia...
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People who decide which TV sh...
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People who decide which boo...
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People who decide which news ...
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People who decide which music ...
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People who directed the one hundred top-grossing films of a...
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Teac...
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Full-time college pr...
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Owners of men’s professional foo...
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They represent power and control by a racial group that is in the position to disseminate and protect its own self-image, worldview, and interests across the entire society.
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One of the most potent ways white supremacy is disseminated is through media representations, which have a profound impact on how we see the world.
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Because these men are most likely at the top of the social hierarchy in terms of race, class, and gender, they are the least likely to have a wide variety of authentic egalitarian cross-racial relationships.
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they are in the position to represent the racial “other.”
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Further, these biased representations have been disseminated worldwide; while white supremacy originated in the West, it circulates globally.
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White resistance to the term white supremacy prevents us from examining how these messages shape us. Explicit white supremacists understand this.
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Christian Pic...
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“alt-right”
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Derek Black,
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“the Southern strategy”—how to appeal to the racism of white Southern voters without pronouncing it openly:
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Our umbrage at the term white supremacy only serves to protect the processes it describes and obscure the mechanisms of racial inequality.
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However, I hope to have made clear that white supremacy is something much more pervasive and subtle than the actions of explicit white nationalists.
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White supremacy describes the culture we live in, a culture that positions white people and all that is associated with them (whiteness) as ideal.
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White supremacy is more than the idea that whites are superior to people of color; it is the deeper premise that supports this idea—the definition of whites as the norm or standard for human...
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It makes the system visible and shifts the locus of change onto white people, where it belongs.
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the full weight of responsibility rests with those who control the institutions.
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THE WHITE RACIAL FRAME
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“white racial frame”