For over the last thirty years, average blacks have not gained relative to average whites in education, jobs, or wealth. Shockingly, in 2015, black freshmen were more underrepresented at the nation’s top one hundred universities than they were in 1980. In 2015, 15 percent of American eighteen-year-olds were black, but at elite colleges only 6 percent of (noninternational) freshmen were black. The gap in household income has also remained about the same today as it was thirty years ago—with black households earning roughly 55 percent of that earned in white households.
