expectations and I know you can reach them.” (High standards + assurance.) After the papers were returned, the students had the option to revise and resubmit their paper in the hopes of earning a better grade. About 40% of the students who got the generic note chose to revise their papers. But almost 80% of the wise criticism students revised their papers, and in editing their papers, they made more than twice as many corrections as the other students. What makes the second note so powerful is that it rewires the way students process criticism. When they get their paper back, full of
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