But a parallel process of winner-takes-all dynamics is also in play. Instead of promoting a diversity of web-based enterprises and information providers, the Internet’s strong network effects (with everyone wanting to be on the networks that everyone else is on) have transformed individual providers—such as Google, YouTube, Apple, Facebook, eBay, Paypal and Amazon—into digital monopolies that sit at the heart of the network society. They are now effectively running the global social commons in the interest of their own commercial ventures,
