Thanks to their work, agreement is now coalescing around two numbers: 3.9 million excess deaths, or direct losses, and 0.6 million lost births, or indirect losses. That brings the total number of missing Ukrainians to 4.5 million. These figures include all victims, wherever they died—by the roadside, in prison, in orphanages—and are based on the numbers of people in Ukraine before the famine and afterwards.
