The result of this urgent policy directive would be a far higher rate of grain export in 1930—4.8 million tonnes, up from 170,000 tonnes in 1929—and an even higher rate in 1931, 5.2 million tonnes.18 These numbers were a relatively small fraction of the more than 83 million tonnes, with higher totals in future, that Stalin believed should be harvested. But when less than that came in, it represented food that would not be available to Soviet citizens—and certainly not to the peasants who produced it.
