Red Famine: Stalin's War on Ukraine

by Anne Applebaum

As in 1932, when Stalin told Kaganovich that “losing” Ukraine was his greatest worry, the current Russian government also believes that a sovereign, democratic, stable Ukraine, tied to the rest of Europe by links of culture and trade, is a threat to the interests of Russia’s leaders. After all, if Ukraine becomes too European—if it achieves anything resembling successful integration into the West—then Russians might ask, why not us? The Ukrainian street revolution of 2014 represented the Russian leadership’s worst nightmare: young people calling for the rule of law, denouncing corruption and waving European flags. Such a movement could have been contagious—and so it had to be stopped by whatever means possible. Today’s Russian government uses disinformation, corruption and military force to undermine Ukrainian sovereignty just as Soviet governments did in the past. As in 1932, the constant talk of “war” and “enemies” also remains useful to Russian leaders who cannot explain stagnant living standards or justify their own privileges, wealth and power.