On 18 November, the same day the Ukrainian Politburo called for the confiscation of all remaining stores of grain, it also issued a decree “on the liquidation of counter-revolutionary nests and the defeat of kulak groups.” In blacklisted villages, “kulaks, Petliurites, pogromists and other counter-revolutionary elements” were slated for arrest.16 Four days later the Soviet Politburo in Moscow resolved to establish death sentences for party and collective farm leaders who had failed to meet grain targets.
