During the crucial years 1932–3 whole institutions—the Polish pedagogical institute, a German secondary school—were shut down or else cleansed entirely of faculty and staff.40 University faculties and publishing houses were shut down. Forty staff employed by the Ukrainian National Library were arrested as “national-fascist wreckers.”41 All the remaining departments of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences were liquidated.42 The Ukrainian Academy of Agricultural Sciences lost between 80 and 90 per cent of its presidium. Other organizations similarly wiped out in 1933 included the editorial board of
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