Haber knew that his weapon had created not only a technological but also a psychological advantage. “Every new weapon is capable of winning a war,” he recalled. “Every war is a war against the soul of the soldier, not the body. New weapons break the morale because they are something new, something that he has not experienced, and, therefore, something that he fears. The artillery did not do much harm to morale, but the smell of gas upset everybody.” Not everyone in Germany was applauding. “The higher civilization rises,” wrote one German commander, “the viler man becomes.”
