As Nancy A. Matthews documents in her 1994 book Confronting Rape: The Feminist Anti-Rape Movement and the State, increased consciousness of the right to live without violence, the subsequent enormous demand for feminist services like activist-run hotlines and rape crisis centers, and the expansion of service provision created a need for funding in the late 1970s that went beyond grassroots resources. This led to government funding, professionalization, and a bureaucratization of anti-rape collectives and community-based services.
