It was a good time to be doing so: Jacob and Monod were publishing their first papers on genetic circuits in 1961 through 1963. It was the work for which they later won the Nobel Prize (and which Brian Arthur was to discover sixteen years later on the beach at Hauula). So Kauffman soon came across their work showing that any cell contains a number of "regulatory" genes that act as switches and can turn one another on and off. "That work was a revelation for all biologists. If genes can turn one another on and off, then you can have genetic circuits. Somehow, the genome has to be some kind of
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