And it’s a self-reinforcing cycle—a vicious cycle. Exposure leads to resistance. Resistance leads to higher exposure. And the cycle keeps going around. Using higher doses has a paradoxical effect. The effect of using more antibiotics is to make antibiotics less effective. The effect of using more cocaine is to make cocaine less effective. So let’s recap what we know: •Antibiotics cause antibiotic resistance. High doses cause more resistance. •Viruses cause viral resistance. High doses cause more resistance. •Drugs cause drug resistance (tolerance). High doses cause more resistance.
