VICIOUS CYCLES THE AUTOMATIC RESPONSE to the development of resistance is to increase the dosage. For example, in the case of antibiotic resistance, we respond by using more antibiotics. We use higher doses or newer drugs. The automatic response to drug resistance is to use more drugs. An alcoholic takes higher and higher doses of alcohol to beat the resistance, which temporarily “overcomes” the resistance. However, this behavior is clearly self-defeating. Since resistance develops in response to high, persistent levels, raising the dose in fact raises resistance. If a person uses larger
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