What is the ultimate cause? It has nothing to do with personal choices. It is not a character defect. Women are not more gluttonous or lazier than men. The hormonal cocktail that differentiates men and women must make it more likely that women will accumulate excess calories as fat as opposed to burning them off. Pregnancy also induces significant weight gain. What is the ultimate cause? Again, it is obviously the hormonal changes resulting from the pregnancy—not personal choice—that encourages weight gain. Having erred in understanding the proximate and ultimate causes, we believe the
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