A 1993 study measured this effect.8 Patients were started on intensive insulin treatment. In six months, they went from no insulin to 100 units a day on average. Their blood sugars were very, very well controlled. But the more insulin they took, the more insulin resistance they got—a direct causal relationship, as inseparable as a shadow is from a body. Even as their sugars got better, their diabetes was getting worse! These patients also gained an average of approximately 19 pounds (8.7 kilograms), despite reducing their calorie intake by 300 calories per day. It didn’t matter. Not only does
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