Combining the offline and online world is known across the retail industry as retail convergence. In response, some retailers today have digitally “live” shelves—similar to those electronic speed limit signs that tell you how fast you are driving as you go past them—that customers can swipe with loyalty cards that offer real-time online or in-store discounts, and Waze, the community-based traffic and navigation app, has teamed up with a number of corporations, including Target, to offer geo-location-enabled deals and discounts at nearby stores.

