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“Rule of Thumb”, Psychologists use 95% certainty as being acceptable. They allow a 5% chance of being wrong. If possible, they prefer 99% certainty, i.e. only 1% chance of being wrong. This is why Psychological research is usually expressed statistically….
Psychology was officially born in 1879,
Kant described three mental activities: Knowing, Feeling and Willing. Today, Psychologists often distinguish Knowledge (“Cognitive
from Emotional (“Affective”) thoughts, for example when analyzing attitudes.
Germany (even though not unified until 1870) was the Mother of Psychology.
In
strict Freudian terms, it’s wrong to say “Subconscious” when referring to the Unconscious. He was adamant that it’s totally unseen and unknown.
Internal Locus of Control people believe that reinforcement depends on personal efforts – thinking they are in charge of their lives and acting accordingly. They are physically and mentally healthier and more socially skilled. Their parents are supportive, generous with praise, consistent with discipline, and non-authoritarian. 2. External Locus of Control people believe that reinforcement depends on outside sources – so they make less attempts at improving their lives.
Psychology began in Germany, it developed in the USA through Structuralism, Functionalism and Behaviourism.
By attaching surface electrodes to the skin (hair does not need to be removed), the electrical activities of the cortex just under the skull can be picked up, amplified and seen on a meter or pen-plotter.
ECG
The Angiogram is essentially an X-ray picture of dyes injected into the blood. It is therefore limited to blood vessels and activity.
The CAT scan or Computerized Axial Tomogram (started in the early 1970s) is a more sophisticated X-ray picture composed of images taken from all angles around the head using a doughnut-shaped ring.
PET or Positron Emission Tomography scan (from the 1980s), uses mildly radioactive glucose injected into the body and detectors to create MOVING pictures of the active brain. Thus, the brain can be seen working while someone is active – speaking, listening to music, drawing…
Neurons The brain consists of about 15 billion neurons that can each be connected to hundreds of others.
the correlational relationship of testosterone and aggression in some research
The ovaries produce “oestrogens” (or “estrogens”) and “progesterone”. Oestrogens are “catabolic steroids”. “Catabolic” means “breaking down” – they break down muscle and build fat. (They also cause water retention, hence the weight increases at certain times of the month.)
DNA (“Deoxyribonucleic Acid”),
Furthermore, monkeys deprived of natural mothers grew up to be antisocial, have sexual problems, and be poor parents
in childhood and adolescence. Research mentioned here concentrates on the perception of others and sexual attraction.
