record the ticking of your radiator, that could be a sample too. The fact that the sounds and samples were often used without permission added outlaw glamour to the producers, many of whom were Jamaicans and African Americans living in New York City. One of the greatest of them, Afrika Bambaataa, sampled Kraftwerk (without permission) in his 1982 song “Planet Rock” combining the melody of “Trans-Europe Express” with the rhythm of Kraftwerk’s song “Numbers,” and those 808 beats. His Kraftwerk mashup birthed hip-hop.
