Operation Nemesis: The Assassination Plot that Avenged the Armenian Genocide

by Eric Bogosian

of modernization. He abolished the six-hundred-year-old sultanate and, not long after that, the caliphate itself, a major symbol of Islam for millions. Kemal enacted suffrage for women, modernized the alphabet, and imposed European-style clothing for all Turkish citizens (replacing the fez with the hat).

In 1935 Kemal ordered the people of Turkey to adopt first and last names. He himself took the name Ataturk, or “Father of the Turks.”

What matters in life is not what happens to you but what you remember and how you remember it. —Gabriel García Márquez