Earlier I said that cortical columns store features at locations in reference frames. The word “feature” is a bit vague. I will now be more precise. Cortical columns create reference frames for every object they know. Reference frames are then populated with links to other reference frames. The brain models the world using reference frames that are populated with reference frames; it is reference frames all the way down. In our 2019 “Frameworks” paper, we proposed how neurons might do this.

