It took us over three years to work out the implications of this discovery, and, as I write, we still are not done. We have published several papers on it so far. The first paper is titled “A Theory of How Columns in the Neocortex Enable Learning the Structure of the World.” This paper starts with the same circuit we described in the 2016 paper on neurons and sequence memory. We then added one layer of neurons representing location and a second layer representing the object being sensed. With these additions, we showed that a single cortical column could learn the three-dimensional shape of
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