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June 11, 2019 - February 8, 2021
ISBN: 978-184831-773-4
Text copyright © 2009 Eileen Magnello Illustrations copyright © 2009 Icon Books Ltd
Drowning by Numbers
Averages or Variation?
Why Study Statistics?
What are Statistics?
What Does Statistics Mean?
Vital Statistics vs. Mathematical Statistics
There are two types: vital statistics and mathematical statistics.
Vital sta...
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This process is primarily concerned with average values, and uses life tables, percentages, proportions and ratios: probability is most commonly used for actuarial (i.e. life-insurance) purposes.
Mathematical statistics
Mathematical statistics encompasses a scientific discipline that analyses variation, and is often underpinned by matrix algebra. It deals with the collection, classification, description and interpretation of data from social surveys, scientific experiments and clinical trials.
The Philosophy of Statistics
Darwin and Statistical Populations
Victorian Values
Where Did it All Begin?
Parish Registers
The London Bills of Mortality
Halley’s Mortality Tables
Malthusian Populations
Demography – the Science of Populations
The Statistical Society of London
Edwin Chadwick and Sanitary Reforms
William Farr and Vital Statistics
Florence Nightingale: the Passionate Statistician
The Statistics of the Crimean War
Mortality Statistics in the Crimea
Polar Area Graphs
Probability
Variables
Games of Chance
De Moivre and Gambling in Soho
The Mathematical Theory of Probability
The mathematical theory of probability gave statisticians a tool to reduce mathematical complexity, to show how regularity in a set of data could have developed out of chance and that even chance could be reduced to a set of laws.
Relative Frequency
Relative Frequency Ratio, which is the ratio of the number of times that an event occurs in a series of experimental trials divided by the number of actual trials in the experiment performed.
The Bayesian Approach
Probability Distributions
The Poisson Distribution
The Normal Distribution
Astronomical Observations
The Central Limit Theorem
The Gaussian Curve and the Principle of Least Squares
What’s Normal?
The Naming of the Normal
So What is the Normal Distribution?
Quetelismus
Galton’s Pantograph
How to Summarise the Data?
