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June 22 - June 28, 2020
On any list of differences that matter most for learning, the level of language fluency and reading ability will be at or near the top.
Howard Gardner to account for the broad variety in people’s abilities, is the hypothesis that humans have as many as eight different kinds of intelligence: Logical-mathematical intelligence: ability to think critically, work with numbers and abstractions, and the like; Spatial intelligence: three-dimensional judgment and the ability to visualize with the mind’s eye; Linguistic intelligence: ability to work with words and languages; Kinesthetic intelligence: physical dexterity and control of one’s body; Musical intelligence: sensitivity to sounds, rhythms, tones, and music; Interpersonal
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What both theories lack is an underpinning of empirical validation, a problem Gardner himself recognizes,
High structure-builders develop the skill to identify foundational concepts and their key building blocks and to sort new information based on whether it adds to the larger structure and one’s knowledge or is extraneous and can be put aside.
low structure-builders struggle in figuring out and sticking with an overarching structure and knowing what information needs to fit into it and what ought to be discarded.
cultivating the habit of reflecting on one’s experiences, of making them into a story, strengthens learning. The
Another cognitive difference that appears to matter is whether you are a “rule learner” or “example learner,”
rule learners tend to abstract the underlying principles or “rules” that differentiate the examples being studied.
Example learners tend to memorize the examples rather than the underlying principles.
If you’re an example learner, study examples two at a time or more, rather than one by one, asking yourself in what ways they are alike and different.
Attitude counts for a lot.
that when you try hard and learn something new, the brain forms new connections, and these new connections, over time, make you smarter.
“emphasizing natural intelligence takes it out of a child’s control, and it provides no good recipe for responding to a failure.”
Deliberate Practice
deliberate practice is a different animal: it’s goal directed, often solitary, and consists of repeated striving to reach beyond your current level of performance.
Establish a schedule of self-quizzing that allows time to elapse between study sessions.
By wading into the unknown first and puzzling through it, you are far more likely to learn and remember the solution than if somebody first sat you down to teach it to you.
Free recall. Wenderoth assigns her students to spend ten minutes at the end of each day sitting with a blank piece of paper on which to write everything they can remember from class.
When talking about sales later in the week the question comes up, what’s an effective way to learn about a prospective customer? Somebody will recall the initial get-acquainted exercise that proved so fruitful: asking about one’s family, occupation, recreation, and enjoyment. That icebreaker now morphs into a handy tool for getting to know a prospective client and it gets an acronym: FORE.
