Make It Stick: The Science of Successful Learning

by Peter C. Brown

the most effective learning strategies are not intuitive.

Learning is deeper and more durable when it’s effortful. Learning that’s easy is like writing in sand, here today and gone tomorrow.

a central challenge to improving the way we learn is finding a way to interrupt the process of forgetting.

Prior knowledge is a prerequisite for making sense of new learning, and forming those connections is an important task of consolidation.

to achieve expertise requires thousands of hours of dedicated practice in which one strives to surpass one’s current level of ability, a process in which failure becomes an essential experience on the path to mastery.

Expertise is a combination of knowledge and experience

Good judgment is a skill one must acquire, becoming an astute observer of one’s own thinking and performance.

For a barista, a mental model would be the steps and ingredients to produce a perfect sixteen-ounce decaf frappuccino.

Ew. Also frappuccino is tm for starbucks.

Even if people get negative feedback, they must come to an accurate understanding of why the failure occurred. For success everything must go right, but by contrast, failure can be attributed to any number of external causes: it’s easy to blame the tool for what the hand cannot do.