he could deduce the following precepts, pertaining to ancient art: —The Homo sapiens was a copier. Despite his virtuosity in drawing animals and scenes of hunting, he depicted what was already there. —The Neanderthal was a conjurer, and this act, Bruno said, to bring into being something new, was the fundamental kernel of true art. To render the unseen seen: that is what an artist does, Bruno said. And so the Neanderthals were artists. While the Homo sapiens were absolutely, definitely not artists. They were frauds.