The French craniologist Paul Broca could not accept that the German brains he examined were on average 100 grams heavier than his sample of French brains. As a consequence, he adjusted the weights of the two brain samples to take into account extraneous factors such as overall body size that are related to brain weight. However, Broca never made a similar adjustment for his much-discussed difference in the brain sizes of men and women.10 The “criminal anthropologist” Cesare Lombroso supported his thesis about the primitive and animalistic nature of criminals and “lower races” by citing
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