The 1819 Carlsbad Decrees of the German Confederation deepened the reach of the police state, setting up a system of regulations and surveillance on all university students and faculties and suppressing political societies. Any professor removed for “subversive” opinions was banned from teaching for life, and no student expelled from one school could be accepted to any other university. Any published material more than twenty pages long had to be submitted to censors. A central investigating committee was set up with virtually Inquisitional powers.
