Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches

by John W. Creswell

At some point we ask ourselves, “Did we (I) get the story ‘right’?” (Stake, 1995), knowing that there are no right stories, only multiple

Czarniawska (2004) defines narrative research as a specific type of qualitative design in which “narrative is understood as a spoken or written text giving an account of an event/action or series of events/actions, chronologically connected” (p. 17).

“analyses of persons, events, decisions, periods, projects, policies, institutions or other phenomena which are studied holistically by one or more

explanatory, exploratory, and descriptive qualitative case studies.

single instrumental case study, the collective or multiple case study, and the intrinsic case study. Explore

researcher focuses on an issue or concern and then selects one bounded case

selects multiple case studies to illustrate the issue.