Herbert Gans studied a working class Italian neighborhood and saw four major behavior styles: “The maladapted, the middle-class mobiles, and—the two most important ones—the routine-seekers and action-seekers” (1962, 28–32). Joseph Howell’s terms “settled living” and “hard living,” popularized by Lillian Rubin, also roughly translate into “routine-seeking” versus “action-seeking” (Howell 1973; Rubin 1976).
