Heath’s middle class children were trained by their parents to name, hold, and retrieve content from books and other print materials. They were further taught (1) to ask questions frequently; (2) to expect answers they can understand; (3) to answer questions themselves; and (4) to elaborate. It is as though in the drama of life, [middle class] townspeople parents freeze scenes and parts of scenes at certain points along the way. Within the single frame of a scene, they focus the child’s attention on objects or events in the frame, sort out referents for the child to name, give the child
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