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December 30, 2011 - May 25, 2012
rationalist.
Although Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727) is widely credited with the discovery, Leibniz also
developed differential calculus.
If it was a Seder, the Last Supper occurred on a Thursday,
consume bread and wine in remembrance of him—the origin of the Eucharist or Holy Communion.
Jesus predicted at the meal that Peter would deny, on three separate occasions, ever having associated with him.
absolute monarchies. This form of government swept away many of the last vestiges of feudalism, but it also lead to tyrannical behavior.
postmodernism is notoriously difficult to define,
partly because postmodernism is not so much a coherent style itself but a reaction against an existing movement—modernism.
consist of either weakened or dead germs, lesser forms of the disease itself.
English country doctor named Edward Jenner (1749–1823) noticed that milkmaids would sometimes get cowpox, a lesser form of smallpox, from handling cows. These same milkmaids seemed resistant to smallpox.
first vaccine was, in fact, the cowpox virus.
the specific number varies from disease to disease, vaccinating 90 percent of a population is, in most cases, tantamount to vaccinating the whole population.
In the United States, school-age children are the most likely to spread disease because they have such close proximity to one another.
herd immunity does not protect from tetanus, which is contracted when an open wound comes in contact with contaminated materials.
Requiem (1791), a setting of the Mass designed especially for a funeral.
piece was solicited by a stranger dressed in gray who came to Mozart’s Vienna home in July 1791. After Mozart’s death, it was revealed that this stranger was actually an amateur musician named Count Franz von Walsegg, who wanted Mozart to write the piece so that he could put his name on it and pass it off as his own.
Mozart died after one last day’s work on the Requiem, a piece that would, profoundly, be his own death Mass.
philosophers have tried to understand the nature of time.
For Leibniz, there were events, which happen before, after, or simultaneously with one another. Time is merely the way we organize these relations in our minds.
Kant argued that time was neither a thing that exists in itself nor an order of relations among things that exist in themselves.
Other philosophers believe that “now” is like “here”; “here” does not refer to any particular place, just the place you happen to be when you say it.
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that deals with knowledge.
Traditionally, philosophers have defined knowledge as true, justified belief.
First, to say that knowledge is belief means that to know something, you must believe it.
Second, knowledge must be true because you cannot really know any...
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Third, real knowledge is justified, because your belief must have reasons.
the Resurrection is celebrated on Easter, and its story is retold in the Gospels according to Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
all four canonical Gospels describe various aspects of the Resurrection, there are several contradictions among the four works.
the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus. Josephus wrote in 98 AD that Jesus had arisen.
Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790), the most famous and influential American of the eighteenth century,
a signer of both the Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution.
helped discover electricity, published a successful newspaper, and invented the Franklin stove.
fifteenth child of Josiah Franklin, a candlemaker who immigrated to Boston in the late seventeenth century.
Tired of working for his ungrateful brother, Franklin moved south to Philadelphia at age seventeen.
Postcolonial literature refers to the body of works written by authors from formerly colonized areas of the world, as well as works written about people from those areas.
Born into a poor family, Hokusai was adopted by a mirrormaker who taught him how to engrave. At the age of eighteen, Hokusai joined the workshop of Katsukawa Shunsho, an artist renowned for his portraits of actors.
He changed his name more than fifty times, and he did not call himself Hokusai until the age of forty-six. At seventy-five, he referred to himself as Gakyo Rojin, “Old Man Mad about Painting.”
Tokyo. Ukiyo-e, which means “pictures of the floating world,” are colored prints in which different woodblocks are used in succession to apply different colors. The most famous ukiyo-e by Hokusai is The Great Wave off Kanagawa
When Hokusai’s work was first seen in Europe, it made an enormous impact on painters such as Paul Gauguin and Vincent van Gogh.
