Even so, price historians in Europe have suggested seven causal explanations, which might be called the monetarist, Malthusian, Marxist, neoclassical, agrarian, environmental, and historicist models. Monetarists understand movements in the “general price level” as changes in the value of money, caused mainly by variations in its quantity and velocity. Malthusians think of price movements in a different way as a material representation
