The fourth-century Roman scholar Jerome came across surviving Jewish-Christian communities when he moved to live in the East, and he translated their ‘Gospel according to the Hebrews’ into Latin, but after that they faded from history. The Church of Paul, which had originally seemed the daughter of the Jerusalem Church, rejected the lineal heirs of the Jerusalem Church as imperfect Christians. Soon it regarded their ancient self-deprecating name of Ebionites (‘the poor’ in Hebrew: an echo of Jesus’s blessing on the poor in the Sermon on the Mount) as the description of a heretical sect.
