Calculation

A calculation is a deliberate process that transforms one or more inputs into one or more results, with variable change. The term is used in a variety of senses, from the very definite arithmetical calculation of using an algorithm, to the vague heuristics of calculating a strategy in a competition, or calculating the chance of a successful relationship between two people.

For example, multiplying 7 by 6 is a simple algorithmic calculation. Estimating the fair price for financial instruments using the Black–Scholes model is a complex algorithmic calculation.

Statistical estimations of the likely
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Without a theory, a plan, the mere mechanical manipulation of the numbers in a problem does not necessarily make sense just because you are using Arithmetic!
Lillian R. Lieber, The Education of T.C. Mits: What modern mathematics means to you

Malba Tahan
[People] in general are good calculators.... the soldier on campaign who estimates distance in a single glance... the poet who counts syllables and verifies the cadence of his verses... the musician who applies in his compositions the laws of perfect harmony... the painter who draws with the unvarying proportions of perspective in his mind... the humble rug maker who arranges one by one the threads of his labor... All of these, O King, are fine and accomplished calculators.
Malba Tahan, The Man Who Counted: A Collection of Mathematical Adventures

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