On Saturday, February 23, 1991, an early evening fire occurred in a 38-story building in downtown Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The fire extended to 9 floors, killed three firefighters and injured 24 others. The fire started on the 22nd floor and was caused by spontaneous ignition of linseed-soaked rags used for restoring and cleaning wood paneling. The fire was able to grow significantly before being detected. Vertical spread was ultimately stopped by the automatic sprinklers on the 30th floor that were supplied by fire department pumpers. Significant factors affecting the outcome of this fire include: The lack of automatic fire sprinklers on...