Three More Living Languages Have Been Deciphered

Undirected matter in a cell would do what comes naturally: follow the laws of thermodynamics. As useful energy becomes less available, the cell would fall apart. Indeed, that's what happens to a dead cell. How do living cells fight the inexorable pull of entropy? The secret is not in the material, but in the instructions. Embedded instructions in the organism can tell matter to build machines that harvest energy and direct it toward functional work.

We know about the DNA-protein language and...