Binary obfuscation using signals, for the confused

Are you (or is someone you know) a bit confused about binary obfuscation using signals? This report could help, one way or another:

“Binary Obfuscation Using Signals,” Igor V. Popov, Saumya K. Debray, Gregory R. Andrews, 16th USENIX Security Symposium, pp. 275–290 of the Proceedings. The authors are, or were, at the Department of Computer Science, The University of Arizona, Tuscon.

Figure 1 [reproduced here] is most illustrative: