Brazil is a case study in how a nation successfully deals with an epidemic. But vigilance is slipping as a new generation grows up that isn't familiar with the realities of the disease.
Everything could have gone downhill, fast. When HIV first emerged in the 1980s, Brazil's infection rates quickly climbed. By the early 1990s, the country had similar infection rates to South Africa, which now has one of the highest rates of the disease in the world (including children, 18% of the population is infected).