Putting Emotion In Story

The travails and adventures of your characters should
have more than a superficial effect on the reader. Ideally, the impact should be
somewhere between enthralling and devastating.








But how do you convert words on a page to tears in eyes, lumps
in throats or hearts in mouths?




There are two basic ways to transfer emotion from page to
reader: sympathetic and empathetic.





Sympathetic

When we see a display of emotion, the emotion becomes contagious.
How much is dependent on various factors, but the simple physical sign of an
emotion is enough to create sympathetic emotions in the observer.




So, by and large, if you’re in a crowd that’s laughing
and upbeat, you will feel likewise. If you’re in a room full of misery guts,
you’re going to be on a downer. And if someone is crying their eyes out, even
if you have no idea why they’re crying, you will feel upset too.




This means when you write a scene where you describe
someone is a particular emotional state, there is a natural instinct for the
reader to relate. Big fat tears rolling down cheeks, snot dripping from nose,
fists clenches in distress and sobs being smothered... you get the idea.




Now, this is a very superficial way to convey emotion.
It’s clear what the emotion is and a skilled writer can evoke it very
viscerally, but if it is purely put in these externalised terms how strongly it
hits the reader will be modified by lots of other factors: the mood of the
reader, their general sensitivity, their relationship with the character, the
appropriateness of the emotion to the situation.




In short, it is easy to lose the reader’s engagement, and
this is compounded by things like clichés, melodrama and context (sixteen year
olds breaking up may seem a big deal to teenagers, not so much to 40 year
olds).




This all leads to the conclusion that sympathetic emotion
is best used as a way to emphasise and guide the reader. To be honest it’s pure
manipulation (and if it’s only that, the reader can end up being resentful),
but if used in conjunction with deeper emotions, it can work very effectively.




Empathetic

If you are close to someone, or if you’ve experienced
similar situations to the one they’re now going through, then the way you react
to their turmoil can be very much deeper than otherwise. Feeling someone’s pain
or joy, in the sense that you experience it as though you were directly
involved, is very powerful.




When it comes to writing, it can sometimes feel that if
you make the situation clear, the emotions should be self-evident. If Mary
loses her child, isn’t it obvious how she feels? If Jane finds out her husband
is cheating on her with her best friend, do you really need to spell out her
reaction?




And the answer is it should be entirely obvious how Mary
or Jane feel... if you happen to be a close friend of theirs.




If someone tells you a girl at their work had a
miscarriage, you might think that it’s terrible and be very sorry for her. If
your sister calls you up and tells you she’s had a miscarriage, it’s going to
feel like someone just kicked you in the stomach.




You have to be connected to people to feel what they
feel. And in fiction the key to that is what characters think and do, and
specifically what that tells you about them as people. Knowing characters lets
readers relate to them.




That doesn’t mean going into intense detail about their
likes and dislikes, where they went to school or how they decorated their
bedroom. If you know someone well, you will end up knowing all the little insignificant
details about them, but it doesn’t work in reverse. Knowing all the little
insignificant details about them doesn’t mean you know them well.




As a writer you have to be much more specific. In fact
you have to be devious.




If you want the reader to experience what Jane feels when
she discovers her husband cheating, then you have be aware that that’s what you
want. And well before you get to that point, you need to establish a
counterpoint to that emotion.




If in the early part of the story, Jane is flirting with
guys, sleeping around, or treating her hubby like crap, when she finds out he’s
cheating on her, will you feel upset for her? 





On the other hand, if she’s shopping for his birthday
gift, cooking him his favourite meal, feeling sorry for her friend who’s been
dumped, then her finding out is all the more devastating.




Emotion in fiction works best when it’s given something
to contrast against. And setting up the characters to be most vulnerable to
what you’re about to inflict on them puts the reader in simpatico with them.



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