A Regency Era Timeline 1831 in progress

Timeline

Each time I start a year, I have already compiled a list, months ago with about 6000 entered of what happened from 1788 to 1837. My first step now (It took several trials to get this down to a science) is to cut out the specific year I will work on and paste it into its own spreadsheet to work with. When I worked on the entire spreadsheet, sometimes inserting a line, with all the graphics I had begun to place, took a long time. Working on each year alone, is a lot faster.

With the year separated out, I now turn to my book sources,

The Timetables of History by Grun and Stein

Chronology of CULTURE by Paxton and Fairfield

What Happened When by Carruth.

, History of the World. A beautiful Dorealing Kindersley book.

I now diligently look through each of these to find entries that I did not come across on the internet, and other printed lists. It is possible that there are places that have more listings for each year. I have not found them. And when you go to the Timelines at the Regency Assembly Press page, there you will see all the graphical references as well. Something that I did not find anywhere else.

Here is the start of 1831:

Year

Month Day

Event



1831

Jan 1

William Lloyd Garrison (1805-1879), 24-year-old reformer of Massachusetts, began publishing his newspaper The Liberator, dedicated to the abolition of slavery. Garrison’s stridency and uncompromising position on both the institution of slavery and slave owners offended many in the North and South, but he vowed to continue the fight until slavery was abolished. In the first issue of his newspaper, he wrote, “I am aware that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. No! No!” Garrison once burned a copy of the U.S. Constitution, condemning it as “a covenant with death and an agreement with hell” because it did not forbid slavery. The Liberator ceased publication in 1865 after the 13th Amendment was passed, outlawing slavery. [see 1830]



1831

Jan 20

Protocols were signed in London that recognized Belgium as an independent nation. Belgium became a nation and combined French and Flemish-speaking lands. The Rothschild banking empire financed the founding of Belgium.



1831

Feb 7

The first Belgian Constitution was ratified.



1831

Feb 13

John Aaron Rawlins (d.1969), Bvt. Major General (Union Army), was born.



1831

Feb 19

The 1st practical US coal-burning locomotive made its 1st trial run in Pennsylvania.



1831

Feb 20

Polish revolutionaries defeated the Russians in the Battle of Grochow.



1831

Feb 25

The Polish army halted the Russian advance into their country at the Battle of Grochow.



1831

Mar 2

John Frazee becomes 1st US sculptor to receive a federal commission.



1831

Mar 3

George Pullman (inventor: railroad sleeping car; industrialist: Pullman Palace Car Company), was born.



1831

Mar 4

Georg Michael Telemann (82), composer, died.



1831

Mar 6

Philip Henry Sheridan, Union Army General and hero of the Battle of Cedar Creek, was born.



1831

Mar 6

Edgar Allan Poe failed out of West Point. He was discharged from West Point for “gross neglect of duty.” His parade uniform was supposedly incorrect.



1831

Mar 12

Clement Studebaker, auto maker, was born. John Studebaker mad a small fortune manufacturing wheelbarrows and pick axes for the miners in Placerville, Ca., that he used to found an automobile firm.



1831

Mar 19

The first recorded US bank robbery occurred at the City Bank, in New York. Some $245,000 is stolen.



1831

Mar 26

An interim government was set up in Raseiniai as a Lithuanian revolt against Russian rule began. There was a major uprising led by the Polish nobility in Warsaw against Russian rule. Russian forces began to march through Lithuania and this led many people of Lithuania to join in the rebellion against Russian rule. Serf uprisings also followed. The rebellion was eventually quelled by Russian force.



1831

Mar 31

Archibald Scott, Scottish chemist, was born.



1831

Mar 31

Quebec and Montreal were incorporated.



1831

Apr 7

Pedro I of Brazil abdicated in favor of his 5-year-old son, Pedro de Alcantara, Pedro II.



1831

Apr 12

Grenville Mellen Dodge, Major General (Union volunteers), was born.



1831

May 16

David Edward Hughes, inventor (microphone, teleprinter), was born.



1831

May 26

Russians defeated the Poles at battle of Ostrolenska.



1831

May 31

Captain John Ross, English explorer, identified the magnetic north pole on the west coast of the Boothia Peninsula, Netsilik territory.



1831

Jun 1

John B. Hood Confederate Civil War general, was born.



1831

Jun 13

James Clerk Maxwell (d.1879), Scottish physicist, was born. He showed that electrical, magnetic and optical phenomena were all united in a single universal force, electromagnetism, and formulated electromagnetic theory,



1831

Jun 28

Joseph Joachim, violinist (Hungarian Concerto), was born in Kittsee, Germany.



1831

Jul 4

“America (My Country ‘Tis of Thee)” was 1st sung in Boston. [see Jul 4, 1832]



1831

Jul 4

James Monroe, 5th President of the United States, died in New York City at age 73, making him the third ex-President to die on Independence Day.



1831

Jul 21

Belgium became independent as Leopold I was proclaimed King of the Belgians.



1831

Jul 24

Maria Agata Szymanowska (41), composer, died.



1831

Jul 30

Helene P. Blavatsky, founder (Theosophist Cooperation), was born.



1831

Aug 1

London Bridge opened to traffic.



1831

Aug 2

The Dutch army, headed by the Dutch princes, invaded Belgium, in the so-called “Ten Days Campaign”, and defeated Belgian forces near Hasselt and Leuven. Only the appearance of a French army under Marchal Gerard caused the Dutch to stop their advance.



1831

Aug 9

1st US steam engine train run was from Albany to Schenectady, NY.



1831

Aug 10

William Driver of Salem, Massachusetts, was the first to use the term “Old Glory” in connection with the American flag, when he gave that name to a large flag aboard his ship, the Charles Daggett.



1831

Aug 21

Nat Turner led a rebellion in Southampton county, Va. This became known as “Nat Turner’s Rebellion” or the “Southampton Slave Revolt.” Turner and about seven followers murdered 55 white people, including the entire family of his owners, the Joseph Travis’s. Turner had been taught to read by the Travis children and his studies of the bible led him to have visions of insurrection. Turner was later executed. A 1998 play by Robert O’Hara “Insurrection: Holding History” centered on the event.



1831

Aug 24

John Henslow asked Charles Darwin to travel with him on HMS Beagle.



1831

Aug 29

Michael Faraday, British physicist, demonstrated the 1st electric transformer. Faraday had discovered that a changing magnetic field produces an electric current in a wire, a phenomenon known as electromagnetic induction.



1831

Aug 30

Charles Darwin refused to travel with the HMS Beagle. On Dec 27 he was onboard.



1831

Sep 7

Victorien Sardou, French stage writer (Madame Sans-Gene, Tosca), was born.



1831

Sep 9

Eleven men, accused and convicted for participating in the revolt led by Nat Turner, were hanged. The death sentence for 7 others was commuted by the governor to “transportation,” i.e. sale outside the state.



1831

Sep 27

Joannis Capodistrias (55), Greek governor of Troezen, was murdered.



1831

Oct 17

Felix Mendelssohn’s 1st Piano concert in G premiered.



1831

Oct 31

Daniel Butterfield (d.1901), Major General (Union volunteers), was born.



1831

Oct 31

Nat Turner, rebel slave, was caught by Mr. Benjamin Phipps and locked up in Jerusalem, Va. Thomas Gray, his court appointed attorney, spent 3 days talking to Turner and compiled his notes into “The Confessions of Nat Turner,” which were published in 1969.



1831

Nov 3

Ignatius Donnelly (d.1901), American social reformer, was born. Donnelly was an important scholar of the mythical continent of Atlantis. In 1882 he wrote “Atlantis: The Antediluvian World.”



1831

Nov 5

Nat Turner, rebel slave, was tried in Southampton county, Va.



1831

Nov 8

Edward R.L. Bulwer-Lytton, English writer, was born.



1831

Nov 11

Nat Turner was hanged and skinned in Southampton county, Va. Hysteria surrounded this rebellion and over 200 slaves, some as far away as North Carolina, were murdered by whites in fear of a generalized uprising. A martyr to the anti-slavery cause, Turner’s actions had the adverse effect of virtually ending all abolitionist activities in the south before the Civil War.



1831

Nov 14

Ignaz Joseph Pleyel (74), Austrian composer and piano builder, died.



1831

Nov 16

Karl von Clausewitz (51), Prussian strategist (Campaign 1813), died.



1831

Nov 19

James A. Garfield (d.1881) the 20th Pres. of the US, was born in Orange Township, Ohio.



1831

Nov 22

Giacomo Meyerbeer’s opera “Robert Le Diable” was produced (Paris).



1831

Dec 5

Former President John Quincy Adams took his seat as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives.



1831

Dec 23

Emilija Pliateryte (b.1831), Lithuanian rebel leader, died in Kapciamiestis while retreating to Prussia with the rebel army. She had organized a detachment in Dusetos with her cousin Cesar Pliateris (1810-1869) and both took an active part in the uprising. Together with the detachment of H. Horodeckij they defeated Zarasai. Emilija Pliateryte took part in many battles: at Maišiagala, Kaunas, and Šauksnai.



1831

Dec 26

Vincenzo Bellini’s opera “Norma,” premiered at La Scala in Milan.



1831

Dec 27

HMS Beagle departed from Plymouth. Naturalist Charles Darwin set out on a voyage to the Pacific aboard the HMS Beagle. Darwin’s discoveries during the voyage helped formed the basis of his theories on evolution.



1831

Dec 28

Samuel Sharp (1801-1832) led a slave uprising that was put down at great cost by the British. The Rebellion lasted for eight days and resulted in the death of around 186 Africans and 14 white planters or overseers. The white vengeance convicted over 750 rebel slaves, of which 138 were sentenced to death.



1831

Dec 29

Adam Badeau (d.1895), Bvt Brig General (Union volunteers), was born.



1831



Faraday discovers electro-magnetic current, making possible generators and electric engines.



1831



Various uprisings are taking place on the Italian peninsula, including the papal states. Pope Gregory XVI is opposed to democracy at any level and calls for help from Austria. Austria’s army marches across the peninsula, crushing revolts and revolutionary movements.



1831



In Warsaw, Polish soldiers revolt against Russian rule. Crowds take control of the city. Austria and Prussia want the revolt crushed. Freedom for the Poles is a popular cause in Britain and in France, but little help arrives and Nicholas I, who considers himself both the Tsar of Russia and King of Poland, sends troops that overwhelm the rebellion.



1831



In England, parliament’s lower body, the House of Commons, passes a reform bill. Britain’s new Prime Minister, Earl Grey, wants to end undue representation to towns that have shrunk (rotten boroughs) and to give Britain’s growing industrial towns representation in the House of Commons. The bill is defeated in the House of Lords, dominated by aristocratic conservatives. Rioting erupts in various cities, most seriously in Bristol from April 15 to May 4.



1831



A severe flood and plague devastate Baghdad. Mumeluke rule ends there as Mahmud II, sultan, reasserts Ottoman control over Mesopotamia.



1831



Charles Darwin, 22, has complete his B.A. at Cambridge and sails as an unpaid naturalist on the H.M.S. Beagle to South America, New Zealand and Australia.



1831



In Boston, abolitionist William Lloyd Garrisons begins publishing an anti-slavery newspaper, The Liberator.



1831



In Jamaica, a black Baptist deacon, Sam Sharpe, has gathered from the Bible that all men are created equal. He has learned from newspapers that people in England want an end to slavery. He organizes a sit-down strike timed for the harvest. Local planters move to crush the revolt and a group of slaves become violent, set fire to buildings and to cane fields. The planters crush the rebellion and hang Sam Sharpe.



1831



In America, Cyrus McCormick invents the reaper-harvester. making it possible to to harvest at three times the previous speed.



1831



Invention: Mechanical Reaper in 1831. Function: noun / reap-er Definition: A horse drawn mechanical machine used for harvesting grain or other small crops. Designed to cut down wheat much more quickly and more efficiently.



1831



Balzac wrote his story “The Unknown Masterpiece.” It became a parable of modern art.



1831



The “Hunchback of Notre Dame” (Notre Dame de Paris) by Victor Hugo was published. Disney released an animated film based on the classic in 1996.



1831



Frederic Chopin at 21 published his Waltz #1 in Eb Major and Waltz #3. These were his third and fourth published waltzes.



1831



The Sinking Spring Presbyterian Church was built in Abingdon, Virginia. It was later bought by the Sons of Temperance. In 1900 it was deeded to the city and in 1933 became the home of the Barter Theater.



1831



Early followers of Joseph Smith merged with a communal Christian sect and relocated to Kirkland, Ohio. [see 1838]



1831



The International Platform Association was founded by Daniel Webster and Josiah Holbrook. It is an organization for those on the lecture platform.



1831



At Yale the Skull and Bones society was founded. Boneswomen were not admitted until 1991.



1831



The New York City Marble Cemetery on Manhattan’s Lower East Side was established.



1831



The American Railroad Journal was established.



1831



US copyright protections were expanded to cover musical compositions.



1831



The anti-Mason Party met in Baltimore for the first presidential nominating convention in the US. The 116 delegates selected William Wirt of Maryland.



1831



New York Senator William L. Marcy made the statement, “To the victor belong the spoils of the enemy,” on the floor of the U.S. Senate in 1831. Marcy was responding to attacks on Secretary of State Martin van Buren made by Senator Henry Clay with regard to the use of patronage for party purposes, known as the “spoils system.” Marcy, who retired from the senate in 1833, became known as the “champion of the spoils system.” He went on to serve as secretary of war and secretary of state.



1831



George Calvert Yount of North Carolina first arrived in the Napa Valley, Ca.



1831



In the US the first federally financed artwork was a $400 bust John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the US.



1831



Robert A. Kinzie paid $127.68 for 102 acres of land that became much of Chicago.



1831



In New Hampshire Joseph Foster began building reed organs and melodeons. In 1845 he moved from Winchester to Keene and was joined by his brother Ephraim. The firm became known as “J&E Foster.” They worked together until Joseph died in 1875.



1831



The Ohio city of Cincinnati became known as “Porkopolis”. Strategically located on the banks of the Ohio River, Cincinnati gained the nickname because it was then America‘s greatest meat packing center.



1831



The lawn mower was invented in England.



1831



Stephen Girard (b.1750), shipping, real estate, banking and insurance magnate, died. His $7 million estate was the largest in the nation and he bequeathed it to create and sustain a school for orphan boys. His value in 1999 dollars totaled $56 billion.



1831



The original Zouaves, Zouaoua tribesmen from Algeria, formed their brightly dressed fighting force and later gained renown for their bravery during the Crimean and Franco-Austrian wars. American units imitated both the dress and battle courage of these fierce fighters.



1831



James Busby, Scottish-born father of Australian viticulture, collected 680 different vines from botanical gardens in Montpellier, Paris and London and brought them to Australia. These included the syrah grape, called shiraz in Australia.



1831



The Austro-Italian insurance company Assicurazioni Generali Austro-Italiche was established.



1831



In London a 9-bedroom residence was built for a nobleman that in 1931 became the Abbey Road recording studio.



1831



The Garrick Club was founded in London for actors, writers and politicians.



1831



A cholera epidemic broke out in London.



1831



Sayyid Ahmad of Rai Bareilly (b.1786), Islamic warrior, died in a battle against the Sikhs. Sayeed Ahmad Shaheed was slain in Balakot (later part of Pakistan) while failing to repel Sikh invaders.



1831



Slaves in Jamaica were emancipated.



1831



Takashsimaya was founded in Kyoto, Japan, as a kimono shop. It grew to become the nation’s largest department store chain.



1831



Patrick Matthew, a Scottish landowner, provided a description of natural selection in an appendix to a book about growing the best trees to make warships.



1831-1832



Animals from the Tower of London menagerie created the core of the London Zoo.



1831-1837



Abraham Lincoln lived in New Salem, Ill. During this time he enlisted in the Black Hawk War. [see 1832]



1831-1870



Louis Remy Mignot, painter. He was a landscape artist of the Hudson River School and painted in North America, Europe and South America.



1831-1892



The 16 ½ mile Savannah-Ogeechee Canal in Savannah, Georgia, was built by slaves and Irish workers to transport cotton and timber between the 2 rivers. Plans for restoration of the canal were made in 1998.



1831-1899



Othniel Charles Marsh, born in Lockwood, New York, becomes Professor of Paleontology at Yale Univ. and vertebrate Paleontologist to the US Geological Survey. His expeditions unearthed 80 new species of dinosaur.



1831-1919



Amelia Edith Barr, American author and journalist “The fate of love is that it always seems too little or too much.”