A Regency Era Timeline 1818 in progress

Timeline

Each time I start a year, I have already compiled a list, months ago with about 6000 entered of what happened from 1788 to 1837. My first step now (It took several trials to get this down to a science) is to cut out the specific year I will work on and paste it into its own spreadsheet to work with. When I worked on the entire spreadsheet, sometimes inserting a line, with all the graphics I had begun to place, took a long time. Working on each year alone, is a lot faster.

With the year separated out, I now turn to my book sources,

The Timetables of History by Grun and Stein

Chronology of CULTURE by Paxton and Fairfield

What Happened When by Carruth.

, History of the World. A beautiful Dorling Kindersley book.

I now and diligently look through each of these to find entries that I did not come across on the internet, and other printed lists. It is possible that there are places that have more listings for each year. I have not found them. And when you go to the Timelines at the Regency Assembly Press page, there you will see all the graphical references as well. Something that I did not find anywhere else.

Here is the start of 1818:

Year

Month Day

Event



1818

Jan 1

An official reopening of the White House took place after being repaired from burning by British during War of 1812.



1818

Jan 1

The novel “Frankenstein” by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (1797-1851) was published anonymously. It was an attack on industrialization. The work stemmed from a contest in 1816 at Byron’s Villa Diodati in Geneva, between Byron, Shelley and Mary to produce a ghost story. In 1998 Joan Kane Nichols published “Mary Shelley: Frankenstein’s Creator.” In 2006 Dorothy and Thomas Hoobler authored “The Monsters: Mary Shelley and the Curse of Frankenstein.” In 2007 Susan Tyler Hitchcock authored “Frankenstein: A Cultural History.”



1818

Jan 2

Lord Byron completed “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage” (4th canto).



1818

Feb 7

The first successful U.S. educational magazine, Academician, began publication in New York City.



1818

Feb 11

In Louisiana sugar plantation owner Levi Foster sold to his in-laws the slaves named Kit (28) for $975 and Alick (9) for $400. In 2000 Gwendolyn Midlo Hall and LSU Press published a CD-ROM database on Louisiana slave transactions: “Databases for the Study of Afro-Louisiana History and Genealogy, 1699-1860: Computerized Information from Original Manuscript Sources.”



1818

Feb 12

Chile officially proclaimed its independence, more than seven years after initially renouncing Spanish rule [see Feb 12, 1817].



1818

February

February: Sweden’s King Karl XIII dies and is succeeded by Karl XIV Johan.



1818

Mar 28

Wade Hampton (d.1902), Confederate general, was born.



1818

Mar 28

Giuseppe Antonio Capuzzi (62), composer, died.



1818

March

March: Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is published.



1818

Apr 4

Congress decided the flag of the United States would consist of 13 red and white stripes and 20 stars, with a new star to be added for every new state of the Union.



1818

Apr 7

Gen. Andrew Jackson captured St. Marks, Fla., from the Seminole Indians.



1818

Apr 14

The US Medical Corp. formed.



1818

Apr 16

U.S. Senate ratified the Rush-Bagot amendment to form an unarmed U.S.-Canada border. The Rush-Bagot Agreement between Great Britain and the U.S. had to do with mutual disarmament on the Great Lakes. In the exchange of notes between British minister to the U.S. Charles Bagot and Richard Rush, Acting Secretary of State, the countries agreed to limits on their inland naval forces. A sequel to the Treaty of Ghent, the agreement was approved by the U.S. Senate on April 16, 1818.



1818

Apr 18

A regiment of Indians and blacks was defeated at the Battle of Suwanna, in Florida, ending the first Seminole War.



1818

Apr 28

President Monroe proclaimed naval disarmament on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain.



1818

Apr 29

Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (1855-1881), was born.



1818

Apr

Dr. John William Polidori published “The Vampyre,” a novel based on an unpublished story fragment by Lord Byron. Polidori was Byron’s personal physician.



1818

April

April: The first known two-wheeled, rider-propelled vehicle goes on display at Paris. Developed by German inventor Karl Drais, it has a seat and handlebars but no pedals. Called a Draisienne, it becomes a popular novelty throughout Europe. The following summer, a Covent Garden coachman, Denis Johnson, patents his own version of the contraption that he calls a “pedestrain curricle.” But most people will call it a “hobby horse.” It will disappear into oblivion after a few years, but it ultaimtely led to the invention of the pedal-driven bicycle in 1863.



1818

May 5

Karl Marx, German philosopher, was born in Prussia. He argued that history was marked by various stages of class struggle and capitalism which had overcome feudalism would in turn be overcome by socialism and the elimination of private property. He and Friedrich Engels founded Communism (1847). Together they wrote “The Communist Manifesto” and “Das Capital.”



1818

May 10

Paul Revere (b.1735) American patriot, died in Boston. Revere, best known for his midnight ride, fathered 16 children-eight by his first wife Sarah Orne and eight by his second wife, Rachel Walker. Born to Apollos Rivoire and Deborah Hitchbourne, Paul Revere was one of 13 children.



1818

May 20

William George Fargo, one of the founders of Wells, Fargo & Co., actor, was born.



1818

May 24

Gen. Andrew Jackson captured Pensacola, Florida.



1818

May 25

Jacob Christoph Burckhardt (d.1897), Swiss cultural historian, was born. “The people no longer believe in principles, but will probably periodically believe in saviors.” “Neither in the life of the individual nor in that of mankind is it desirable to know the future.”



1818

May 27

Amelia Jenks Bloomer (d.1894), American reformer who popularized the “bloomers” garment that bears her name, was born in Homer, N.Y. Amelia Jenks Bloomer, Seneca Falls, N.Y., was the editor of The Lily, a periodical “devoted to the interests of women. “Along with her support of woman suffrage and temperance, Bloomer was an advocate of dress reform. Believing that restrictive corsets and cumbersome skirts were injurious to the health of women, in the 1850s Bloomer designed and often wore a comfortable costume of a short skirt worn over baggy trousers drawn tight at the ankle. Bloomer’s costume, portrayed in this Currier and Ives print, became so controversial that any reasonable talk of dress reform was drowned out by the jeers. Finally, Elizabeth Cady Stanton advised bloomer advocates to abandon the costume. It was not until the 1930s and 40s that women began wearing pants, although bloomers were the inspiration for early bicycling and beach apparel.



1818

May 28

P.G.T. Beauregard, Confederate general, was born. He first fired on Fort Sumpter and fought at First Manassas, and Shiloh.



1818

May

May: Author Matthew “Monk” Lewis dies at age 42.



1818

Jun 1

Mathematician James Camak demarcated the border between Georgia and Tennessee. Due to a faulty sextant and bad astronomical charts he drew the line a mile south of the intended boundary, the 35th parallel.



1818

Jun 2

The British army defeated the Maratha alliance in Bombay, India.



1818

Jun 10

Pesaro opera theater opened with Rossini’s “La Gaza Ladra.”



1818

Jun 16

An ice-dammed lake in the Val de Bagnes above Martigny broke through its barrier causing many deaths. This event led Jean de Charpentier to focus on Swiss glaciers and then influence Louis Agassiz with his ideas regarding glacier development.



1818

Jun 17

Charles Francois Gounod, opera composer of “Faust” and “Romeo et Juliette,” was born in Paris, France.



1818

Jul 1

Ignaz Semmelweis (d.1865), Hungarian gynecologist, was born. He later connected childbed fever to doctors who spread of germs due to their failure to wash their hands. In 2003 Sherwin B. Nuland authored “The Doctors’ Plague: Germs, Childbed Fever and the Strange Story of Ignac Semmelweis.”



1818

Jul 30

Emily Bronte (d.1848), English author of “Wuthering Heights,” was born. She was the younger sister of Charlotte Bronte and died of tuberculosis.



1818

July

July: Edward, Duke of Kent, 4th son of George III, enters the race to secure the succession and marries Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. (Like his elder brother William, he had never married but instead had kept long-term mistresses.)



1818

July

July: William, Duke of Clarence (who would later reign as William IV) marries Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen. After Princess Charlotte’s death, the 53-year old duke is third in line to the throne after his brothers, the Prince Regent and the Duke of York. Since neither of his brothers have legitimate children, William is sure to inherit the throne, and marries to insure the succession. He and Adelaide will have two children who die in infancy.



1818

Aug 1

Maria Mitchell (d.1889), the first female astronomer in the U.S., was born. She discovered a comet in 1847 and was the first prof. of astronomy at Vassar College. In 1869 she was the first woman elected to the American Philosophical Society.



1818

Aug 7

Henri Charles Litolff, French composer, pianist, was born.



1818

Aug 13

Suffragist Lucy Stone, women’s rights activist, founder of Woman’s Journal, was born in West Brookfield, Mass.



1818

Aug 22

Warren Hastings (85), 1st governor-general of India (1773-84), died.



1818

Aug 28

Jean Baptiste Pointe du Sable, trader, founder of Chicago, died.



1818

Sep 12

Richard Gatling (d.1903), American inventor, was born. The Gatling gun, an early type of machine gun, was named after him.



1818

September

September: England’s Queen Charlotte dies at age 74.



1818

Oct 8

2 English boxers were 1st to use padded gloves.



1818

Oct 15

Irvin McDowell (d.1985), Major General (Union volunteers), was born.



1818

Oct 19

US and Chickasaw Indians signed a treaty.



1818

Oct 20

The United States and Britain established the 49th Parallel as the boundary between Canada and the United States.



1818

Oct 22

Leconte de Lisle, writer, was born.



1818

Oct 24

Felix Mendelssohn (9) performed his 1st public concert in Berlin.



1818

Oct 28

Abigail Adams, wife of former Pres. John Adams, died. In 1975 some 200 letters of Abigail Adams were published as “The Book of Abigail and John.”



1818

Oct 28

Ivan Turgenev (d.1883), Russian novelist, poet, playwright (Fathers & Sons), was born. [see Nov 9]



1818

October

October: Sir Thomas Lawrence travels to Aix-la-Chapelle to paint the sovereignas and diploats gathered for the Congress.    



1818

October

October: The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle is a gathering of the four allied powers (Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia) to decide the question of the withdrawal of the army of occupation from France and the nature of the relations of the four powers towards each other, and collectively towards France. Occupation troops begin to leave France before winter.



1818

Nov 1

James Renwick, architect, was born. His work included St. Patrick’s Cathedral in NYC.



1818

Nov 5

Benjamin Butler (d.1893), later Union Civil War general, was born in New Hampshire.



1818

Nov 9

Ivan Turgenev, Russian author, was born. His work includes “Fathers and Sons” and “A Month in the Country.” [see Oct 28]



1818

Nov 21

Frenchman Hipolito Bouchard and Englishman Peter Corney led a 2-ship attack against the presidio at Monterey, Ca. Gov. Pablo de Sola and his soldiers and families fled as some 400 rebels pulled to shore. The presidio was ransacked and burned. Bouchard and Corney days later plundered Mission San Juan Capistrano and the rancho at El Refugio.



1818

Nov 21

Russia’s Czar Alexander I petitioned for a Jewish state in Palestine.



1818

Dec 3

Illinois was admitted as the 21st state.



1818

Dec 13

Mary Todd Lincoln, wife of President Abraham Lincoln, was born.



1818

Dec 14

The pirate Hippolyte Bouchard demanded gunpowder and other supplies from the padres at Mission San Juan Capistrano, Ca. The padres refused and the pirate sent 140 men to destroy the mission and the town was stripped of its provisions.



1818

Dec 21

Lewis H. Morgan, US ethnologist (Systems of Consanguinity), was born.



1818

Dec 24

James Prescott Joule, physicist , was born. He discovered the principal of the conservation of energy.



1818

Dec 24

“Silent Night” was composed by Franz Joseph Gruber.



1818

Dec 25

“Silent Night” by Franz Gruber was performed for the first time, at the Church of St. Nikolaus in Oberndorff, Austria.



1818



Also published this year: Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometeus by Englishwoman Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin Shelley at the age of 21. She is the wife of poet Percy Bysshe Shelley and daughter of women’s rights activist Mary Wollstonecraft and philosopher William Goodwin.



1818



At the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, France joins the four Great Powers: Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia.



1818



Britain’s Institution of Civil Engineers is founded.



1818



Britain’s Queen (Sophia) Charlotte dies in September at age 74, after having borne 15 children to George III.



1818



Chile gains independence from Spain.



1818



Hannah Mather Crocker, 46, daughter of Increase Mather, publishes Observations on the Real Rights of Women, with Their Appropriate Duties, Agreeable to Scripture, Reason, and Common Sense in Boston.



1818



In medicine, a surgeon for the first time presses his ear against a woman’s corset and hears a fetal heartbeat, inaugurating the first steps in investigating embryonic development.



1818



Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey is published postumously.  



1818



Jane Austen’s Persuasion is published postumously.



1818



John Keats’ epic poem Endymion is published.



1818



John Nash begins work on the new Regent’s Park area, with its neighbouring streets, terraces and crescents of elegant town houses and villas.



1818



Lord Byron completes the 4th and final canto of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage.



1818



Queen Charlotte dies.



1818



Scottish explorer John Ross commands an Arctic expedition organised by the Admiralty, the first of a new series of attempts to solve the question of a Northwest Passage, ie going around the extreme northeast coast of America and sailing to the Bering Strait. His expedition fails to dscover anything new, and is later discredited.



1818



Susan Ferrier’s first novel, Marriage, is published.  



1818



The border between Canada and the United States are fixed along the 49th parallel, while both countries occupy Oregon.



1818



The Pedestrian Curricle, or Hobby Horse. It is propelled by the rider striking his heels to the ground, as though running. Denis Johnson, who patented the vehicle in England, opened a riding school in London, where gentlemen were instructed in the fine art of riding these new contraptions. Even so, they caused so many accidents that many municipalities banned them.



1818



The Royal Coburg Theatre that opens in Lambeth to stage popular melodramas and other productions. It will later be known as the Old Vic.



1818



The third Anglo-Maratha War ends in India as British troops crush all resistance. Having destroyed the Maratha confederacy, the British annex its territories. India’s Rajput states (Jaipur, Jodhpur, and Udaipur), Poona, and the Holkar family of Indore come under British control, ending the independent kingdom of the Maharashtra that was established in 1674. Rajasthan had surrendered in 1817. The British now control most of India.



1818



The Zulu Empire in Africa is found by the great Chaka Zulu, their military chieftain.



1818



Third Anglo-Maratha War ends with the East India Company in control of almost the whole of India.



1818



Thomas Love Peacock’s Nightmare Abbey is published.



1818





1818



Queen Charlotte dies at Kew. Manchester cotton spinners’ strike. Riot in Stanhope between lead miners and the Bishop of Durham’s men over Weardale gaming rights. Piccadilly Circus constructed in London.



1818



Before the Season, the wild and wicked Chas Prestwick brings excitement to the life of the demur Anne Fairchild in more ways than one in The Unflappable Miss Fairchild.



1818



Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey and Persuasion are published posthumously.



1818



The Third Anglo-Maratha War ends with the break-up of the Maratha Empire and the British in control of most of India.



1818



For the Ottoman Empire, Egyptians are taking control of the Arabian Peninsula. They destroy the mud-brick town of Diriyah (thirteen miles from the center of what today is Riyadh) which had been the home base of the Saud family and Wahhabis. 



1818



Theophile Bra, French academic sculptor, won the Prix de Rome.



1818



Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840), German Romantic landscape artist, creating his painting “Wanderer Above a Sea of Clouds.”



1818



The “Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin” (1706-1790), an unfinished record of his life, was published posthumously in London. An earlier French edition had appeared in 1791.



1818



John Keats published his poem “Endymion.”



1818



David Young, poet, teacher and astronomer, began publishing a Farmer’s Almanac.



1818



The Epistles of John were published by the American Bible Society in the language of the Delaware Indians.



1818



People began wearing left and right shoes. Shoes were made identical for either foot prior to this.



1818



Henry Sands Brooks began H. & D.H. Brooks & Co. in mostly rural Manhattan. It became a key military supplier during the Civil War. A 2nd store opened in 1928 and operations grew to the well known chain known as Brooks Brothers.



1818



A handful of Cherokee emigrated to Oklahoma 20 years before the Trail of Tears. They are known as the Old Settlers.



1818



Franciscan priests established the Santa Ysabel Mission to convert the Kumeyaay Indians in San Diego County.



1818



Illinois became the 21st state of the US.



1818



The Libbey Glass Co. of Toledo, Ohio, was founded as the New England Glass Company by Edward Drummond Libbey. Libbey collected glass “through the ages” in a museum for the inspiration his workers. In 1999 it was a division of Owens-Illinois.



1818



Brown Brothers Harriman (BBH) was founded in Philadelphia as John A. Brown and Company, an importer of linen. On January 1, 1931, Brown Brothers And Company merged with Harriman Brothers & Company, an investment company started in 1912 with railway money.



1818



Abigail Adams, wife of former Pres. John Adams, died.



1818



Dr. James Blundell (1791-1878), a British obstetrician, performed the first successful transfusion of human blood, for the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage.



1818



Grozny was established in the northern Caucasus as a Russian fortress.



1818



In Russia the Smirnoff family went into the vodka business.



1818



In Spain the last prosecution of the Spanish Inquisition was held.



1818



In Spain an annual national Christmas lottery was begun.



1818-1820



John Keats (d.1821), English poet, lived in Hampstead and wrote “The Eve of St. Agnes,” “Ode on a Grecian Urn,” and “Ode to a Nightingale.”



1818-1883



Karl Marx, German writer and theorist for socialism. Marx called his own philosophy dialectical materialism, and claims to start philosophically from a point of view opposite to Hegel. Marx asserts that he starts from concrete reality and not from an idea, as does Hegel. Knowing history as well as he hid, he claimed to be able not only to explain why things happened as they had, but also to predict what was going to happen in the future.



1818-1885



Henry Wheeler Shaw, “Josh Billings,” American author: “As scarce as truth is, the supply is always greater than the demand.”



1818-1889



James Prescott Joule, English experimental physicist, measured the mechanical, or energy, equivalent of heat itself.