A Regency Era Timeline 1813 in progress

Timeline

Each time I start a year, I have already compiled a list, months ago with about 6000 entered of what happened from 1788 to 1837. My first step now (It took several trials to get this down to a science) is to cut out the specific year I will work on and paste it into its own spreadsheet to work with. When I worked on the entire spreadsheet, sometimes inserting a line, with all the graphics I had begun to place, took a long time. Working on each year alone, is a lot faster.

With the year separated out, I now turn to my book sources,

The Timetables of History by Grun and Stein

Chronology of CULTURE by Paxton and Fairfield

What Happened When by Carruth.

, History of the World. A beautiful Dorling Kindersley book.

I now and diligently look through each of these to find entries that I did not come across on the internet, and other printed lists. It is possible that there are places that have more listings for each year. I have not found them. And when you go to the Timelines at the Regency Assembly Press page, there you will see all the graphical references as well. Something that I did not find anywhere else.

Here is the start of 1813:

Year

Month Day

Event



1813

Jan 2

In Vilnius, Lithuania, Russian Army head M. Kutuzov announced the end of war in Russia.



1813

Jan 4

Isaac Pitman (d.1897), inventor (stenographic shorthand), was born in Britain.



1813

Jan 11

The 1st pineapples were planted in Hawaii (or 1/21).



1813

Jan 18

Joseph Farwell Glidden, inventor of barbed wire, was born.



1813

Jan 22

During the War of 1812, British forces under Henry Proctor along with Indian allies under Tecumseh defeated a U.S. contingent planning an attack on Fort Detroit.



1813

Jan 22

A combined British and Indian force attacked an American militia retreating from Detroit near Frenchtown, later known as Monroe, Mich. Only 33 men of some 700 men escaped the battle of the River Raisin. Over 400 Kentucky frontiersmen were killed.



1813

Jan 24

Theodore Sedgwick (b.1746), arch-Federalist and former Massachusetts Senator (1796-1799), died. In 2007 John Sedgwick authored “In My Blood: Six Generations of Madness and Desire in an American Family.”



1813

Jan 29

Jane Austin published “Pride and Prejudice,” a blend of instruction and moral entertainment.



1813

January

January: British forces defeat American forces at the Battle of Raisin River in Michigan.



1813

January

January: Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is published.



1813

January

January: Leigh Hunt is imprisoned for libel after an attack against the Prince Regent is published in the Examiner.



1813

January

January: The Luddite movement is smashed by English troops and magistrates with greatly expanded powers provided by the Frame Breaking Act; 17 of the Luddite leaders are hanged, many others are transported.



1813

January

January: The Philharmonic Society of London is founded, “to promote the performance, in the most perfect manner possible of the best and most approved instrumental music”.



1813

Feb 18

Czar Alexander entered Warsaw at the head of his Army.



1813

Feb 24

Off Guiana, the American sloop Hornet under Master Commandant James Lawrence sank the British sloop Peacock.



1813

Feb 26

Robert R. Livingston (66), US diplomat (Declaration of Independence), died.



1813

Feb 27

The 1st federal vaccination legislation was enacted.



1813

Feb 28

Russia and Prussia formed the Kalisz union against Napoleon.



1813

Mar 3

Office of Surgeon General of the US army was established.



1813

Mar 4

The Russians fighting against Napoleon reached Berlin. The French garrison evacuated the city without a fight.



1813

Mar 8

The 1st concert of Royal Philharmonic.



1813

Mar 15

John Snow (d.1858), obstetrician, was born in York, England. He worked on the epidemiology of cholera.



1813

Mar 19

David Livingston, explorer found by Stanley in Africa, was born in Scotland.



1813

Mar 21

James Jesse Strang, King of Mormons on Beaver Is, MI. (1850-56), was born.



1813

Mar 25

The first U.S. flag flown in battle was on the frigate Essex in the Pacific.



1813

Mar 27

Nathaniel Currier, lithographer for Currier and Ives, was born.



1813

March

March: The first concert presented by the Philharmonic Society of London is performed in their Concert Rooms in Hanover Square, and includes works by Haydn and Beethoven.



1813

Apr 10

Joseph-Louis Lagrange (b.1736), Italian-born mathematician, died in Paris. He is considered to be the greatest mathematician of the eighteenth century.



1813

Apr 14

Junius S. Morgan, US merchant, philanthropist (Metro Museum of Art), was born.



1813

Apr 14

Joachim Nicolas Eggert (34), composer, died.



1813

Apr 15

U.S. troops under James Wilkinson sieged the Spanish-held city of Mobile in future state of Alabama.



1813

Apr 19

Benjamin Rush (67), physician, revolutionary (signed Declaration of Independence), died.



1813

Apr 23

Stephen Douglas (d.1861), the “Little Giant,” was born. He debated Abraham Lincoln for a seat on the U.S. Senate and later lost to Lincoln for the presidency of the United States. He argued that the Declaration of Independence did not mean to include blacks.



1813

Apr 27

Americans forces under Gen. Zebulon M. Pike (34) captured York (present day Toronto), the seat of government in Ontario; Pike was killed.



1813

Apr 28

Russian Gen. Mikhail Ilarionovich Kutuzov (b.1745) died. (April 16 Old Style) Kutuzov forced the French army to leave Russia along the path it had devastated when it entered the country.



1813

Apr 29

Rubber was patented.



1813

Apr

Captain David Porter of the U.S. Navy sailed the USS Essex into the Galapagos Archipelago after a six month journey around Cape Horn, eager to find a way to help his country in their powder-keg relations with Great Britain. Capt. Porter made his first landfall at a place called Post Office Bay, on Charles Island, and raided the barrel there that served as the informal but effective communications link between whaling ships and the outside world. The primitive post box, a barrel system of drop-off and pick-up, had been established some 20 years earlier, but its efficiency had become well-known. Inside of half a year, Capt. Porter and the Essex had captured 12 British whalers and devastated the whale British industry in the Pacific, forcing a reallocation of Royal Navy ships to a distant region far from the “home front” in North America.



1813

April

April: American forces attack and pillage the town of York (later called Toronto) and occupy it for 11 days before being driven out by the British.



1813

May 2

Napoleon defeated a Russian and Prussian army at Grossgorschen. During the Napoleonic Wars a British naval officer proposed the use of saturation bombing and chemical warfare.



1813

May 5

Soren Kierkegaard (d.1855), Danish philosopher and theologian, was born. He founded Existentialism and believed that man’s relation to God must be an agonizing experience. “Truth is not introduced into the individual from without, but was within him all the time.” His books included the philosophical novel “Diary of a Seducer.”



1813

May 9

U.S. troops under William Henry Harrison rescued Fort Meigs from British and Canadian troops.



1813

May 10

Montgomery Blair, lawyer in the Dred Scot case, was born in Franklin County, Ky. The case decided the limits of slavery.



1813

May 22

Richard Wagner, German composer, conductor and writer, was born in Leipzig, Germany. He composed “The Flying Dutchman.”



1813

May 27

Americans captured Fort George, Canada.



1813

May

May: Napoleon defeats an Allied army at the Batle of Bautzen.



1813

May

May: Napoleon defeats an Allied army at the Battle of Lützen,



1813

Jun 1

The U.S. Navy gained its motto as the mortally wounded commander of the U.S. frigate “Chesapeake”, Captain James Lawrence (b.1871) was heard to say, “Don’t give up the ship!”, during a losing battle with a British frigate “Shannon”; his ship was captured by the British frigate.



1813

Jun 5

Captain James Lawrence died from his wounds as the Shannon towed the Chesapeake to Halifax. Lawrence was buried with honors on Jun 8 and his remains were later sent to NYC for burial in Trinity churchyard.



1813

Jun 6

The U.S. invasion of Canada was halted at Stoney Creek, Ontario.



1813

Jun 8

David D. Porter, Union Admiral, was born.



1813

Jun 21

The Peninsular War ended. It began on February 16, 1808, when Napoleon ordered a large French force into Spain under the pretext of sending reinforcements to the French army occupying Portugal.



1813

Jun 24

Henry Ward Beecher (d.1887), American clergyman and brother of Harriet Beecher Stowe, was born. “Even a liar tells a hundred truths to one lie; he has to, to make the lie good for anything.”



1813

Jun 26

Metternich met with Napoleon at Dresden and informed him that he must sue for peace if he wanted continued Austrian support.



1813

June

June: British forces defeat American forces at the Battle of Stony Creek on Lake Ontario.



1813

June

June: H.M.S. Shannon of the Royal Navy destroys the U.S. Navy frigate Cheseapeake outside of Boston Harbor.



1813

June

June: Wellington defeats Joseph Bonaparte at the Battle of Vittoria in a last major offensive that drives the French armies from Spain.



1813

June

In June, the Battle of Vittoria ends Napoleon’s conquests, for now.



1813

Jul 15

Napoleon Bonaparte’s representatives met with the Allies in Prague to discuss peace terms.



1813

Jul 31

British invaded Plattsburgh, NY.



1813

July

July: In response to a public snub by the Prince Regent, Beau Brummell utters his famous line to Lord Alvanley: “Ah, Alvanley, who is your fat friend?” The prince, once a close friend, never spoke to Brummell again.



1813

Aug 9

After reports that British naval vessels were nearing St. Michaels, Md., to attack the shipbuilding town that night, the county militia placed lanterns on the tops of the tallest trees and on the masts of vessels in the harbor; and had all other lights extinguished. When the British attacked, they directed their fire too high and overshot the town.



1813

Aug 10

A number of British barges manned by marines shelled the town of St. Michaels, Md., on the Chesapeake Bay. Residents had hoisted lanterns to treetops and masts and caused the British canons to overshoot their mark. One house was hit by a cannonball on the roof and the ball rolled across the attic and down the staircase frightening Mrs. Merchant as she carried her infant daughter downstairs.



1813

Aug 14

British warship Pelican attacked and captured US war brigantine Argus.



1813

Aug 23

At the Battle of Grossbeeren Prussians under Von Bulow repulsed the French.



1813

Aug 23

Alexander Wilson (b.1766), Scottish-born poet and naturalist, died in Philadelphia. He had completed 7 volumes of “American Ornithology” and was working on a 8th volume when he died.



1813

Aug 27

The Allies defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Dresden.



1813

Aug 30

Creek Indians massacred over 500 whites at Fort Mims Alabama.



1813

August

August: The Battle of Dresden results in a victory for French troops led by Napoleon against a Coalition force of Russian, Austrian, and Prussian troops. The Coalition lost 38,000 men, the French 10,000.



1813

Sep 7

The earliest known printed reference to the United States by the nickname “Uncle Sam” occurred in the Troy Post. [see Oct, 1814]



1813

Sep 10

The nine-ship American flotilla under Oliver Hazard Perry wrested naval supremacy from the British on Lake Erie by capturing or destroying a force of six English vessels in the War of 1812. With Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry’s flagship unable to fight, an outmatched British flotilla faced the prospect of a remarkable victory. But Perry only transferred his pennant to another ship and fought on. American Captain Oliver Hazard Perry led his home-built 10-vessel fleet to victory against a six-vessel British squadron commanded by Captain Robert H. Barclay in the Battle of Lake Erie. Perry’s triumph, marked by his legendary message to General William Henry Harrison, “We have met the enemy and they are ours,” was of great strategic value for the United States because it ensured American control of the Northwest Territory. During the battle, Perry left his badly damaged Lawrence and transferred his motto flag, reading, “Don’t Give Up the Ship,” to Niagara. From there he continued the fight.



1813

Sep 13

John Sedgwick (d.1864), Major General (Union volunteers), was born.



1813

Sep 24

Andre-Ernest-Modeste Gretry, composer, died at 72.



1813

September

September: American forces are victorious over the British at the Battle of Lake Erie.



1813

September

September: Robert Southey is appointed Poet Laureate of England.



1813-1901

10-Oct 12:00 AM

Giuseppe Verdi, Italian composer was born. Best know for his operas.



1813

Oct 5

The Battle of Moraviantown was decisive in the War of 1812. Known as the Battle of the Thames in the United States, the U.S. victory over British and Indian forces near Ontario at the village of Moraviantown on the Thames River is know in Canada as the Battle of Moraviantown. Some 600 British regulars and 1,000 Indian allies under English General and Shawnee leader Tecumseh were greatly outnumbered and quickly defeated by U.S. forces under the command of Maj. Gen. William Henry Harrison. Tecumseh (45) was killed in this battle.



1813

Oct 9

Giuseppe Verdi, Italian composer (Traviata, Rigoletto, Aida), was born. [see Oct 10]



1813

Oct 10

Composer Giuseppe Verdi was born in Le Roncole, Italy. [see Oct 9]



1813

Oct 17

Georg Buchner, German playwright (Danton’s Death, Woyzeck), was born.



1813

Oct 18

The Allies defeated Napoleon Bonaparte at Leipzig.



1813

Oct 16 to Oct 19

In the Battle at Leipzig (aka Battle of the Nations) Napoleon faced Prussia, Austria and Russia and suffered one of his worst defeats.



1813

Oct 26

Canadian militia defeated American forces at the Battle of Chateauguay.



1813

Oct 29

The Demologos, the first steam-powered warship, was launched in New York City.



1813

October

October: America forces are victorious at the Battle of the Thames in Ontario, but are soundly defeated by the British at the Battle of Châteauguay River (Spears) in southern Quebec.



1813

October

October: The Battle of Nations at Leipzig against the allied Coalition (which now includes Sweden and Saxony) is one of the most decisive defeats suffered by Napoleon. It is considered the largest battle in Europe before World War I, with over 500,000 troops involved and 120,000 casualties. The battle brings an end to the kingdom of Westphalia (its king, Jérôme Bonaparte flees to France), and the liberated German states join the Coalition.



1813

October

October: Wellington advances his troops into France. He wrests a first victory on French soil from Marshall Soult at the Battle of Bidassoa.



1813

Nov 2

Treaty of Fulda. After the Battle of Leipzig (Oct 16-19) King Frederick I of Württemberg (1754-1816) deserted Napoleon’s waning fortunes. By a treaty made with Klemens Wenzel Nepomuk Lothar von Metternich (1773-1858) at Fulda, Hessen, Germany he secured the confirmation of his royal title and of his recent acquisitions of territory, while his troops marched with those of the allies into France.



1813

Nov 3

American troops destroy the Indian village of Tallushatchee in the Mississippi Valley. US troops under Gen Coffee destroyed an Indian village at Talladega, Ala.



1813

Nov 6

Chilpancingo congress declared Mexico independent of Spain.



1813

Nov 12

J. H. St. John de Crevecouer, French explorer and writer, died. He had spent more than half of his life in the New World and contributed two important concepts to the American consciousness. The first is the idea of the “American Adam,” that there is something different, unique, special, or new about these people called “Americans.” The second idea is that of the “melting pot,” that people’s “American-ness” transcends their ethnic, cultural, or religious backgrounds.



1813

Nov 16

The British announced a blockade of Long Island Sound, leaving only the New England coast open to shipping.



1813

Nov 29

Giambattista Bodoni (73), Italian stamp cutter, publisher, and type font designer (bodoni), died.



1813

November

November: Dresden surrenders to Allies forces.



1813

November

November: Wellington pursues Marshall Soult deeper into France and defeats his army at the Battle of Nivelle.



1813

Dec 8

Ludwig van Beethoven’s 7th Symphony in A, premiered.



1813

Dec 10

Zachariah Chandler, US merchant and politician, was born. He founded the Republican Party.



1813

Dec 19

British forces captured Fort Niagara during the War of 1812.



1813

Dec 20

Dr. Samuel Mudd, doctor who helped Lincoln assassin John Wilkes Booth, was born. [2nd ref. says 1833]



1813

Dec 30

The British burned Buffalo, N.Y., during the War of 1812.



1813

Dec 31

Some 83,000 Prussian and Russian soldiers pursued Napoleon across the Rhine at Pfalzgrafenstein Castle.



1813

December

December: Beethoven premiers his Seventh Symphony (Symphony No. 7 in A major, Opus 92) at a charity concert in Vienna for wounded soldiers.



1813

December

December: London’s Westminster Bridge is lit by gas, as well as other areas of Westminster, including seven residential customers.



1813



Blaxland, Lawson and Wentworth cross the Blue Mountains.



1813



Elizabeth Fry, an English Quaker, works to improve the conditions for women held in Newgate Prison, where there is no segregation of prisoners by sex. She will be instrumental in introducing education and employment into the British penal system, and will eventually open soup kitchens for the poor.



1813



Led by King Frederick William II, the War of Liberation from France begins in Prussia.



1813



Lord Byron publishes the Oriental Tales: The Bride of Abydos and The Giaour.



1813



Matthew Flinders calls the continent ‘Australia’.



1813



Percy Bysshe Shelley publishes Queen Mab.



1813



Russia and Prussia sign the Treaty of Kalisch against France, their coalition soon joined by Britain, Austria and Sweden.



1813



The allied forces begin to march against and invade France.



1813



The Charter Act of 1813 asserted the sovereignty of the British Crown over territories in India held by the British East India Company, and deprived the Company of its Indian trade monopoly.



1813



The Duke of Wellington defeats the French army at the battle of Vitoria in Spain.



1813



The French are defeated and driven from Spain by Wellington at the Battle of Vittoria.



1813



The French are defeated at the Battle of Leipzig (Battle of the Nations) by the Austrians, Russian and Prussian combined armies.



1813



The French are victorious at the Battle of Dresden.



1813



United States First Lady Dolly Madison 40, serves for the first time, ice cream, at the Presidential inauguration party for her husband James on March 4.



1813



Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen is published. William Hedley’s Puffing Billy, an early steam locomotive, runs on smooth rails. Quaker prison reformer Elizabeth Fry starts her ministry at Newgate Prison. Robert Southey becomes Poet Laureate.



1813



The first “Regency romance,” Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice is published (although she would not have called them romances, a term reserved for high adventure then, and in her day, they were contemporary stories).



1813



Napoleon’s move against Russia has delayed Russia’s ability to protect their fellow Orthodox Christians, the Serbs, who have been rebelling against Ottoman rule. The Ottoman Empire moves against rebel Serb areas, and Albanian troops plunder Serb villages.



1813



Napoleon has failed to win enough friends. In Spain, British and Spanish forces defeat his military. Napoleon withdraws from Germany after the Russians, Prussians, Austrians and Swedes defeat him there. His Confederation of the Rhine falls into history’s trash bin.  



1813



Laura Secord walks 20 difficult miles to warn of a surprise attack by an invading U.S. force. She is to be a Canadian heroine. 



1813



Raphaelle Peale, son of Charles Willson, painted his still life “Black-berries.”



1813



The Rossini opera “L’Italiana in Algeri” had its premier in Venice. [see 1808]



1813



In New Mexico El Santuario del Senor de Esquipulas was built. It is a tiny chapel near the village of Chimayo, and one of the 6 adobe missions scattered along the western shoulder of the Sangre de Cristo mountains between Taos and Santa Fe. Rumor has it that Don Bernardo Abeyta, a Catholic penitent from Santa Cruz, found a buried crucifix here in 1810 while on a pilgrimage. Native Americans called this valley Tsimayo-pokwi and believed it to be holy ground.



1813



The US federal government was almost broke from the war with Britain but was able to get Stephen Girard, wealthy ship owner and banker, to help finance the war effort. Congress quickly moved to charter the Second Bank of the US.



1813



Immigrants John Jacob Astor, David Parish, Alexander Dallas and Stephen Girard stepped in to provide over $9 million to finance the US War of 1812.



1813



A new 45 carat blue diamond emerged in France. It was guessed to have been cut from the 112 carat Blue Diamond of the crown jewels. The 112 carot stone was recut in 1673 to 67 carats.



1813



John (Cameron) Gilroy of Scotland sailed from England on the Isaac Todd to Monterey, Ca., where he was dropped off to recover from scurvy.



1813



A troop ship returning from the War of 1812 was blown ashore at Cape Pine on Newfoundland’s Avalon Peninsula. All 350 passengers died.



1813



Andrew Jackson received a bullet wound that shattered his left shoulder. The bullet was not removed until 1832 and was later suspected of causing lead poisoning.



1813



Zebulon Montgomery Pike, the American explorer who has a Colorado mountain named for him, died leading an attack that captured York, now known as Toronto, in the War of 1812. Pike, born in New Jersey in 1779, sighted in 1806 but did not climb the mountain that would later be named Pikes Peak in the Colorado Rockies. Pike led two expeditions from 1805 to 1807, one in the upper Mississippi region of the Louisiana Purchase and the second in what is now New Mexico and Colorado. As a brigadier general, Pike was killed, when a powder magazine exploded as he led the assault on York, then capital of upper Canada. Some 320 Americans were killed or wounded in the explosion.



1813



In Australia explorers Gregory Blaxland, William Wentworth and William Lawson blazed the first trail from Sidney across the Blue Mountains to the fertile western plains.



1813



Bennelong (49), an Australian Aborigine, died. He was one of the first Aborigines to live among white settlers after the landing of the First Fleet in 1788, when he was kidnapped and employed as a cultural interlocutor by the British. Bennelong had adapted to the European way of life, teaching the colonizers about Aboriginal customs and language and learning to speak English, but ultimately became an alcoholic.



1813



The British government removed the British East India Company’s monopoly of trade with India.



1813



William Charles Wells presented a paper to the Royal Society in which he introduced the idea of natural selection to explain why people might vary in skin color in different climates.



1813



In Canada American militiamen burned down the town of Niagara-on-the Lake.



1813



The Tokujo-maru, a Japanese ship with a cargo of rice for Edo, was blown off course. Three surviving crew members were picked up 18 months later by a British ship off the coast of California.



1813



Prussia took over Danzig.



1813



The Prussians introduced the Iron Cross during the Napoleonic wars.



1813



The Clark family of Paisley, Scotland, began manufacturing cotton thread. By the 1840s members of the family moved to the US and in 1866 developed a twisted cotton thread for sewing machines, which they named O.N.T. (Our New Thread).



1813



A Swiss traveler discovered the Great and Small Temples of Ramses II at Abu Simbel in Egypt.



1813-1820



The classic Vietnamese love poem “The Tale of Kieu” was written by Nguyen Du (1766-1820). It was based on an earlier Chinese novel entitled “The story of Kim-Van-Kieu “, written by an author under the pen-name of “Thanh-Tam Tai-Nhan” in the 16th or the early 17th century.



1813-1828



Russia gains control of northern Azerbaijan due to the weak local power of the khanates. Industrialization and oil extraction are expanded.



1813-1843



Robert Southey was the poet laureate of England over this period. He was the author of “The Three Bears.”



1813-1855



Soren Kierkegaard, Danish philosopher: “Truth is not introduced into the individual from without, but was within him all the time.” “Don’t forget to love yourself.”



1813-1887



Ellen Wood, English playwright and journalist: “It is not so much what we have done amiss, as what we have left undone, that will trouble us, looking back.”



1813-1891



Prince Louis-Lucien Bonaparte, linguist, amassed a collection of some 14,000 books on linguistics. Because his special interest was the Finnish and Estonian languages, he gathered extensively from the whole Baltic region. The collection was sold in 1894 to the Newberry Library in Chicago from a London bookseller.



1813-1908



Thomas Mellon, American empire builder and judge, made his fortune in real-estate speculation and founded the Mellon Bank.